Jessica Reichmuth, PhD

Professor in Biological Sciences

  • Augusta GA UNITED STATES
  • Biological Sciences

A leading expert in marine ecology and community ecology, ranging from crustacean population genetics to invertebrate animal behavior.

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Spotlight

3 min

Going green: Solar and wind power remain the best alternatives to fossil fuels

Find video for use here. In the U.S., more and more individuals, and even corporations, are making it a priority to go green in an effort to reduce the nation's dependence on fossil fuels.Studies have proven carbon dioxide is a main contributor to human-caused climate change, so we're tapping into natural elements more often to reduce the use of fossil fuels.From solar farms to solar panels on houses and wind turbines, it’s tough not to find efforts to go green, and that’s a move in the right direction, according to Jessica Reichmuth, PhD, professor in the Department of Biological Sciences in the College of Science and Mathematics at Augusta University. She said we’re heading in the right direction, but more can be done.“We are taking the right steps, but I’m not sure if we will be entirely able to be green energy, but we definitely need to be more green than we are today,” said Reichmuth. “Fossil fuels will eventually run out and are a non-renewable resource.”Homeowners and municipalities are tapping into solar panels most often as a green resource.Some concerns include the costs involved and the fact that in most cases, the panels are permanently attached to a house. Reichmuth points to California as an example of a state trying to ease that burden. Some people who are moving into rental houses and know they aren’t going to be there for a long period of time can have a company attach removable panels. There are other companies jumping into the business of leasing solar panels as well. Even small panels the size of a binder located in a backyard can make a big difference in producing a noticeable amount of electricity.These are great steps, said Reichmuth, but more progress can still be made.“We are at a point within society with green technology that we know and understand how to make solar panels, the infrastructure is there to support them, we just need a movement to get them so they’re used everywhere,” Reichmuth said.Wind turbines remain a big source of discussion. Yes, they provide an alternative electric source, but at what cost? A big negative is the possibility of bird strikes.“Birds will learn to navigate around wind turbines. They are not built in a way that they are impervious to long-distance migration.”Hydroelectricity and geothermal energy are two other green sources of energy. There are not a lot of areas in the U.S. that offer geothermal resources, and as far as hydroelectricity goes, there’s still concern in Reichmuth’s eyes.“I think it would be great to see if dams are going to be used for hydroelectricity, but not as a water containment system. There are portions of the U.S., especially in the southwest, that are dealing with water issues because we have dammed them. Hydroelectricity is good if the dam is used specifically for that purpose and not water containment.”Renewable energy, cost savings and ESG are top of mind for corporations, governments and populations as we look to the future, and if you're a journalist covering this topic, then let us help.Jessica Reichmuth is available to speak with media. Simply click on her icon now to arrange an interview today.

Jessica  Reichmuth, PhD

Multimedia

Biography

Dr. Reichmuth, or Dr. R to her students, earned her PhD in Biological Sciences (Ecology and Evolution) from Rutgers University-Newark in 2009, where she spent several years chasing blue crabs. She currently teaches courses in General Biology, Marine Ecology, & Community Ecology. Her research students are currently answering questions ranging from crustacean population genetics to invertebrate animal behavior.

Reichmuth earned bachelor's degrees in marine sciences and general biological sciences from Coastal Carolina University. She went on to obtain a master's degree and doctoral degree in biological sciences from Rutgers University.

Areas of Expertise

Marine Ecology
Biological Sciences
Community Ecology

Accomplishments

Outstanding Young Faculty Award

College of Science and Mathematics , 2014

Outstanding Service Award

Center of Undergraduate Research & Scholarship, 2013

Education

Rutgers University

Doctorate

Biological Sciences

Rutgers University

Master's

Biological Sciences

Coastal Carolina University

Bachelor's degree

Biological Sciences

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Affiliations

  • Southeastern Estuarine Research Society

Answers

What other green energy sources are available outside the sun and wind? 
Jessica  Reichmuth, PhD

Hydroelectricity, which we currently use in the form of dams. That's great to see if they are used for hydroelectricity and not as a water containment system. We do not use a lot of geothermal energy here. That's because there's not a lot of geothermal energy places in the United States 

What are the positives and negatives for wind turnbines?
Jessica  Reichmuth, PhD

It's a green energy source and reduces are dependency on fossil fuels. The biggest complaints we often hear a bird strikes however, we are building glass buildings and birds cannot navigate glass buildings either, but we continue to put those up. Birds will learn to navigate around wind turbines and they are not built in a way they are impervious to long distance migration

What are the positives and negatives of solar panel/farms?
Jessica  Reichmuth, PhD

As an ecologist obviously, I'm gonna tell you that they're positive because they reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. One of the negatives is the cost, they're not cheap and once you attach them to a house, they are permanent. In California though, there are several solar panel rental companies that can remove them if you leave a rental house.

Articles

Living in a Contaminated Estuary: Behavioral Changes and Ecological Consequences for Five Species

American Institute of Biological Sciences

Judith S. Weis, Lauren Bergey, Jessica Reichmuth, Allison Candelmo Author Notes

Killifish, grass shrimp, fiddler crabs, blue crabs, and young bluefish in contaminated estuaries differ ecologically from reference populations in relatively uncontaminated environments. All five of these species show reduced activity and feeding, but only fishes show reduced growth. In these areas, killifish are poor predators, eat much detritus, have poor predator avoidance, and are smaller and less abundant. Bluefish have reduced rates of feeding and growth. Both killifish and bluefish have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitters, which may underlie behavioral changes. Shrimp in contaminated environments show unchanged levels of predator avoidance; compensatory energetic partitioning favors growth and reproduction despite reduced feeding. With less predation pressure, shrimp are larger and more numerous. Fiddler crabs tend to spend more time in burrows and experience reduced predation. With ample food, metal depuration through molting, and reduced population size, they grow larger. In contaminated estuaries, we've found that juvenile blue crabs are less likely to be eaten by adults; adults are impaired in prey capture but are larger, despite eating much detritus and algae. Release from top-down effects from humans—as a result of a fishery advisory—may allow crabs to live longer. It appears that differences in physiology and trophic interactions modify the effects of reduced feeding on the different species.

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Fight or flight: An investigation of aggressive behavior and predator avoidance in two populations of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) in New Jersey

Hydrobiologia

Reichmuth, J.M., J. MacDonald, J. Ramirez, and J.S. Weis

Recent literature has suggested aggression may be context dependent. The purpose of this investigation was to examine aggressive and predator avoidance behaviors in juvenile blue crabs of two populations. Furthermore, we wanted to determine whether aggression persisted into the adult stages. Juvenile blue crabs collected from an impacted estuary, the Hackensack Meadowlands (HM), were found to attack a threatening stimulus significantly more often (70%) than conspecifics from a less impacted estuary (Tuckerton—TK). TK juveniles responded significantly more often with a flight (~35%) or mixed response (~30%). Additionally, HM juveniles were significantly more successful than TK juveniles at avoiding an adult blue crab predator when sandy substrate was present in laboratory experiments. However, the video clarity made it impossible to determine which interactions were allowing survival. To determine if “aggression” exhibited by the HM juveniles was the reason for their enhanced survival, follow-up predator avoidance experiments were conducted without substrate and videotaped. The results of these experiments suggest that aggression per se is not the reason since aggressive juveniles were no more successful than non-aggressive individuals. The aggressive behavior exhibited by HM juveniles continues into the adult stages. This behavior may be important to recognize when estimating population size as well as local fishery efforts. KeywordsAggression-Behavior-Blue crab- Callinectes sapidus -Predator avoidance

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Bioaccumulation and depuration of metals in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) from a contaminated and clean estuary

National Library of Medicine

Jessica M Reichmuth 1, Peddrick Weis, Judith S Weis

Blue crabs from a contaminated estuary (Hackensack Meadowlands-HM) and a cleaner reference site (Tuckerton-TK) were analyzed for Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in muscle and hepatopancreas. Crabs from each site were taken into the laboratory and fed food from the other site, or in another experiment, transplanted to the other site for eight weeks. All crabs were analyzed for metals. Overall, tissue concentrations reflected environmental conditions. Tissue differences were found for Cu, Pb and Zn (all higher in hepatopancreas), and Hg (higher in muscle). HM muscle had more Hg than TK muscle, but did not decrease after transplanting or consuming clean food. HM crabs lost Cu, Pb and Zn in hepatopancreas after being fed clean food or transplanted. TK crabs increased Hg in muscle and Cr and Zn in hepatopancreas after transplantation or being fed contaminated (HM) food. Concentrations were variable, suggesting that blue crabs may not be fully reliable bioindicators of polluted systems.

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